Introduction to Business Laws

Questions: 1. The High Court presumed that the methodology taken by the Full Court was not right. For what two reasons did the High Court reach this resolution? 2. The Full Court, in arriving at its decisions, applied as a point of reference the proportion for a situation called Parkdale Custom Built Furniture v (Puxu). The High Court said that the Full Court wrongly applied the standard in Puxu and gave three explanations behind this. Quickly clarify any two of the reasons the High Court thought the Puxu case was unique in relation to the TPG promoting thus ought not have been utilized by the Full Court as a point of reference. Answers: (1). Coming up next were reasons as indicated by which the High Court inferred that the methodology taken by Full Court was off base: Right off the bat, the High Court laid accentuation on the parts of the buyers being cheated by the practices executed by TPG. It expressed that Full Court more likely than not concentrated on the goals and aims of the TPG while giving ads instead of thinking about the legitimateness and fittingness of the commercials. The Full Court neglected to consider that whether the ads in entire were misdirecting and were with the goal to incite clients to go into contract with the TPG. Also, High Court expressed that since in the commercials itself the TPG laid exceptional accentuation on specific words whereby disregarding the others to draw limit of the clients, in this way similar words ought to have been the principle worry for the Full Court while deciding the case. The importance given to predominant message was required. (2). The accompanying the reasons which express that the Puxu case was unique and its proportion was wrongly applied by the Full Court: The fundamental case in the Puxu case was in regards to the deceptive lead of the appealing party, where he was occupied with selling products that were indistinguishable in appearance with that of respondents. The court for this situation held that, with respect to acquisition of furniture, clients give sensible consideration to the bundling and marking done on the item and in this manner they can without much of a stretch make contrasts out of the two. Hence, the intended interest group of TPG and in Puxu case was intrinsically extraordinary with fluctuated attitudes and destinations. Furthermore, while the furniture is glanced in its totality including its shifted highlights, brand and material and ad is baited by certain significant words. Along these lines, the client neglects to focus on the other significant viewpoints in the ad, because of which they may get caught. References Australian Competition and Consumer Commission v TPG Internet Pty Ltd (2013). James, N., 2013. Business Law. third ed. Australia: John Wiley and Sons.

National Journal Of Hospitality Management â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Examine About The National Journal Of Hospitality Management? Answer: Introducation Compelling assistance work area or administration work area the executives is an essential piece of giving great client assistance and keeping up a decent client relationship. With this as an explanation, there are not kidding necessities of bettering the presentation gave by help work areas or administration work areas and their legitimate administration. It would help administrators in securing bound together inner and outside execution benefits. The thought is of making little strides towards improving assistance instead of basically beginning from the beginning and afterward generally putting resources into the dynamic strategy. However, relationship with shoppers face issues at the hour of making little strides, as that causes the association to turn out to be progressively decided on the joining and change as opposed to on the possible preferred position - giving of clients the best client care and having the best type of relationship with them (Lucio-Nieto et al. 2012). Two mo st proficient parts of a decent assistance work area or administration the board are talked about beneath: Inspecting of existing practices Prior to assuming liability of any type of progress endeavors, there is the need of investigating what is as of now being done inside the business that are related with the arrangement of help inside the segments of help work area or administration work area, customers and different branches of the association. Naturally, it may happen that there exists effectively a few groups and divisions that are assuming up the liability of exercises that are like this and there are probabilities that a portion of the significant practices are as of now arranged set up inside the association that can be additionally advanced and acknowledged somewhere else (Jntti, Cater-Steel Shrestha, 2012). Like for instance, inside any product organization and their inner IT support, standards of IT foundation library (ITIL) are as of now embraced, extricating structure which the client care group could profit in a clear way from the ITIL technique for occurrences, issues, discharge and change the executives in shifted territories like following item improvement, actualizing and following those new items in the market for the clients (Tang Todo, 2013). Reviews of the administration level administration by dint of administration foundation that is offered by the assistance work area or the administration work area and adjusting of the IT arrangements cautiously with the more extensive needs of the business would likewise bolster. Thought of self assistance arrangements Self assistance arrangements are considered by numerous individuals similar to the best arrangement in the event that they are appropriately utilized inside the association. They contain the ability of being immensely productive. The even present the benefits of introducing working out-of-hours inclusion that permits any worry the chance of being in consideration for being estimated to be taken care of on a priority premise the subsequent day. As a rule, the information bases could be recouped by the end client for settling their own issues. Looking from the point of view of help work area or administration work area the executives, these types of inclusion could be prove as being massively practical, apparently removing 33% of the brings toward the primary line help work area or administration work area especially in territories, for example, call updates and status checking. This circumstance affects enrollment and staffing levels, releasing workforces in progressively imaginative territories inside concern goals. As far as this conversation, at a lower level, self-administration can go about just like the best arrangement. It is incredibly crucial that situational dangers like when the end clients self-oversee immensely specialized goals are maintained a strategic distance from (Kokkinou Cranage, 2013). References Jntti, M., Cater-Steel, A., Shrestha, A. (2012). Towards an improved it administration work area framework and procedures: a case study.International Journal on Advances in Systems and Measurements,5(3 4), 203-215. Kokkinou, A., Cranage, D. A. (2013). Utilizing self-administration innovation to decrease client holding up times.International Journal of Hospitality Management,33, 435-445. Lucio-Nieto, T., Colomo-Palacios, R., Soto-Acosta, P., Popa, S., Amescua-Seco, A. (2012). Executing an IT administration data the executives structure: The instance of COTEMAR.International Journal of Information Management,32(6), 589-594. Tang, X., Todo, Y. (2013). A Study of Service Desk Setup in Implementing IT Service Management in Enterprises.

6 Secrets Of Effortless And Effective Blog Post Writing

6 Secrets Of Effortless And Effective Blog Post Writing Make Money Online Queries? Struggling To Get Traffic To Your Blog? Sign Up On (HBB) Forum Now!6 Secrets Of Effortless And Effective Blog Post WritingUpdated On 09/01/2016Author : Singh RomyTopic : BloggingShort URL : http://hbb.me/1jhOvjh CONNECT WITH HBB ON SOCIAL MEDIA Follow @HellBoundBlogI wrote this post in just 25 minutes â€" not a joke.You may wonder “How can I?”.My answer to you is very simple, by following my blog post writing plan.These days, writing is most effortless work for me, because of my blog post writing plan. I can crank out more than thousand words in less than half an hour without breaking a sweat.But it didn’t always used to be this way. It didn’t used to be so easy.The game changer that changes everything for me is “My blog post writing plan”, which made writing so much easier and effortless for me, that I can write one blog post in half an hour. All because of my post writing plan.Which I’m going to share with you today here, all you have to d o is just keep reading.So let’s get into real story:1. Use WordPress Full Screen WriterDo you know the key that makes us slower writer?If not! Then it’s distraction.Distraction is the thing that makes us walk like turtle. But here’s the truth it’s not a story of Rabbit and turtle, that you can win the race with your slow speed. It’s blogging world where you have to be quick, if you want to win.And for quick writing you have to avoid all distractions, which makes you slower and slower.Do whatever you can do to create a distraction free environment, if you really want to increase your blog post writing speed.Here’s My Way To Avoid Distraction :The writing software that we use to write our blog posts are one of main villain behind distracting us from our writing. So it’s better to walk with a distraction free writer.WordPress recently come up with a very cool feature for writers with the label of Full screen Writer, which made writing more rapid and distraction free. So g ive a try to it.2. Start With HeadlineAs we all know that the most important element of our blog post is headline, which gives us readers.Headlines are the thing that grabs the attention of our readers and entice them to read our blog post. If you have creepy and uncatchy headline for your blog post, then no one is going to read it, but situation gets turned soon when you have good and catchy headline.Remember one thing you can survive with a good headline and not so much good content, but you can’t survive with creepy headline and high quality content.So it’s better to make 3 or 4 headlines combination, and think about which one is best for my blog post.Here’s my way to get a catchy headline in 2 minutes :I recall the whole story of my blog post in my mind, and then I write the title for my story. Like if I’m going to write a blog post on “how WordPress automatically saves the edited versions of all your post as autosave.”, and then my title would be “Self Storage Fac ilities of WordPress For Bloggers.”READWhy Are Dating Blogs Still Popular in 2019?So recall your story, and write your title. â€" see so simple.3. Lede LineThe second most important factor of our blog post is our intro paragraph, which makes readers to read the rest of our blog post.If you have a catchy headline for your blog post, but your intro paragraph is not so much attractive then readers will easily going to bounce back.Because our intro paragraphs are like first food bite, if we like the first bite then we will eat the rest. If not then you know the exact place of food. Yaah! You are right, it’s dustbin.Here’s my way :I write my intro lines in a way that each line is linked with other line. So that if reader wants to know the whole story, then reading the whole post is only way.4. Stick A Catchy ImageImage attracts people. Right!I can’t count the exact numbers of how many times I’ve been lured into reading a blog post simply because it has attractive image attached to it.There’s a saying that I would like to mention here “Image speaks thousand words in a single glimpse.”And I’m totally agree with it, a well choose image can give you thousands of reader.So always have a place for an image in your blog post.Here’s my way :I always search flickr to find a conceptual image for my blog post, with a proper credit.You can also use this list : 40+ Websites For Copyright And Royalty Free Photos5. Use WordPress Draft FeatureWordPress has self storage facilities of our blog posts, which has the label of draft. I personally love this feature, because it helps us to maintain the quality of my blog post.As we all know that we can’t find our own typos, at the time of writing our blog post. So it’s better to save our post as drafts, and take a tea break. Because we don’t want to lose our content quality right, and typos can be a very major reason for losing our blog post quality.Here’s my way :Once I complete my blog post, I saved it as dra ft, and forget about it for a while.6. Come Back And Publish ItOnce you feel like now you forgot about what you’ve written in your post or your mind get refreshed, then it’s time to come back to your blog post and read it one or two times. You will amaze that how many typos and errors you’ve make in your blog post.So taking a small break can make you familiar with your mistakes, and by tweaking all those typos and errors you can increase your blog post quality. That’s the thing we all want right.Here’s my way :I come back to my article and read it 2 or 3 times to find my errors and after tweaking it, I simple hit publish button of my blog.IMAGE CREDIT : Soartsyithurts

A Review of the Toyota Prius - 835 Words

Exciting and fun to drive are not the first words that typically come to mind when the car of discussion is the Toyota Prius; but should they be? Most people associate the terms hybrid, conservative, and gas efficient solely with the Prius. However, is this simplistic general consensus of the car an accurate description of what the vehicle actually offers? Is the Prius just a â€Å"great car† because it is a hybrid or is it a great car that just happens to be a hybrid. Typically, the criteria used to determine whether a car is great or not is the performance, aesthetics, and the economic value of the vehicle. The Prius is a great car because of its exceptional performance, attractive aesthetics and great economic value. When discussing the performance and mechanics of the Toyota Prius, the first aspect of the car that must be deliberated is its hybrid functionality; the primary factor that separates it from other cars. The term â€Å"hybrid† refers to the fact that the Prius is both an electric- and a gas-powered vehicle. The Prius is equipped with a four cylinder 1.8 liter engine that produces one hundred thirty four horsepower and an electric motor that produces sixty-seven horsepower (â€Å"Toyota Prius† 86). In layman’s terms, this means that Prius on paper delivers an average of fifty-five miles per gallon. The fuel-efficiency of the Prius is somewhat of a well-known fact; however, the ability of the car to accelerate from zero to sixty in about ten seconds with this motor/engineShow MoreRelatedConsumer Reports : A New Fuel Efficiency Champion845 Words   |  4 Pages2016 Toyota Prius. Such were the findings of Consumer Reports following the non-profit consumer organizatio n’s internal testing of the hybrid, which achieved 52 mpg overall, besting the previous record-holding 2000 Honda Insight by 1 mpg. The results are even more noteworthy when you consider the Prius seats five and is some 1,200 pounds heavier than the two-passenger Insight. Credit constant improvements in Toyota engineering and technology for giving us the most efficient and safest Prius yet.Read MoreAdvertisement Analysis : The Super Bowl996 Words   |  4 Pagesairtime(Schwartz). Toyota used this platform to introduce the all new Prius 4 during Super Bowl 50 when they aired their commercial, The Longest Chase. This ninety second commercial cost Toyota a bunch of money but, the company believed that it was worth the price. This advertisement shows that the Hybrid group, like the Prius, are the way to go now. And the car’s power and performance are enough to turn any drive into an event worth sharing with the entire world. This Toyota commercial uses reasoningRead MoreAdvertisement Is The Super Bowl985 Words   |  4 Pages(Schwartz). Toyota used this platform to introduce the all new Prius 4 during Supe r Bowl 50 when they broadcasted their commercial, The Longest Chase. This ninety-second commercial cost Toyota a bunch of money, but, the company believed that it was worth the price. This advertisement presents to us that the Hybrid group, like the Prius, are the way to go now. And the car’s power and performance are enough to turn any drive into an event worth sharing with the entire world. This Toyota commercial usesRead MoreEssay about Top Five Most Popular Choices in Hybrid Cars645 Words   |  3 Pages 2012) Toyota Prius Hybrid The Toyota Prius has been the car that its competitors sought to beat. The Toyota Prius Hybrid 2012 may not have the most attractive drawing qualities as its competitors; it has become the synonym for hybrid cars in America. It might not win trophies on it’s over all artistic look but it packs a lot where it counts. For those who can live without the looks and willing to accept the trade off for something that delivers high mileage performance, the Toyota Prius 2012 isRead MoreProduct- Market Expansion Grid1727 Words   |  7 Pagesbetter here I am going to depict an example of Toyota Motor Corporation. Toyota Motor Corporation commonly known simply as Toyota and abbreviated as TMC is a multinational automaker headquartered in Toyota, Aichi, Japan. In 2010, Toyota Motor Corporation employed 317,734 people worldwide. TMC is the worlds largest automobile manufacturer by sales and production. The company was founded by Kiichiro Toyoda in 1937 as a spinoff from his fathers company Toyota Industries to create automobiles. Three yearsRead MorePreparing an Assessment for Lotus Rental Cars CEO on the Feasability of Adding Alternative Fuel Vehicles to the Fleet1530 Words   |  6 Pages(Partial Zero Emissions Vehicles) such as the Toyota Prius and Ford Escape hybrid have substantially raised the bar for future Alternative Fuel Vehicles. These vehicles have no different safety concerns than other gasoline cars, a substantially lower annual fuel bill range, a 40% to 50% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions, and a 90% reduction in tailpipe emissions.† Lotus Rental Cars would benefit fr om trying one hybrid vehicle such as the Toyota Prius or the Ford Escape Hybrid. The Ford Escape wasRead MoreMarketing Strategies Adopted in the Japanese Automotive Industry6872 Words   |  28 Pagesthe Japanese Automotive Industry Table of Contents 1.0 Introduction 1 2.0 The Marketing Mix and 4Ps 2 2.1 Product 3 2.2 Price 4 2.3 Promotion 5 2.4 Place 6 3.0 Green Vehicles 6 4.0 Toyota Marketing Strategy 7 4.1 About Toyota 7 4.2 Case Study - Toyota Prius 8 4.2.1 Product 8 4.2.2 Price 10 4.2.3 Place 12 4.2.4 Promotion 13 5.0 Honda Marketing Strategy 15 5.1 About Honda 15 5.2.1 Case Study – Honda Civic GX 16 5.2.2 Product 16 5.2.2 PriceRead MoreReview for 2012 Honda Civic Hybrid771 Words   |  3 PagesReview for 2012 Honda Civic Hybrid The Honda Civic Hybrid 2012 is a high-quality vehicle with an excellent technical blend of electric and traditional internal combustion. The car receives decent ratings for the performance of its 1.3 liter, 4-cylinder Ultra Low Emission engine (2012 Honda Civic Hybrid, Best Car Trends). The Civic Hybrid features an ultra-thin, electric motor, variable transmission and a robust computer system that manages all internal controls. The car is comparable to otherRead MoreGuidelines For Using Online Submission Of Assignments1465 Words   |  6 Pagesentirely my own work. Signed: (please type your name) Date: Table of contents INTRODUCTION Information system is a system of computers and people who come together and interact to gain, analyze, review and interpret data and information which makes it possible to answer questions and solve problems important for the organization. Managing of information system is simply putting all the data and information to work effectively and efficiently inRead MoreHybrids Hurting The Earth?1910 Words   |  8 PagesMatt Frey Ms. deGozzaldi 8th Grade 6/21/17 Hybrids Hurting the Earth? Hybrids are deservingly known for their fuel economy, a 2016 Prius c can get up to 50 MPG (FuelEconomy.gov, US Department of Energy). They are also known for being kind to the environment: Toyota advertises the Prius c, as seen below, as an â€Å"everyday eco fun sized for the city† on their website (Toyota, toyota.com/priusc). In Kia’s Super Bowl LI commercial for their new hybrid crossover, the Niro, they use the tagline: â€Å"it’s hard

Analysis Of Film The Filmmaking World - 1197 Words

Director Comparative Analysis In the filmmaking world, the different uses of cinematography are endless. In many cases, a director’s editing techniques and narrative are so distinct that one might differentiate the film’s director just by examining its cinematic language. For example, Steven Spielberg uses signature works in many of his films that allow viewers to categorize them as his own. Spielberg, a famous Hollywood style director, was born in Ohio. He kicked off his Hollywood career after directing his low budget films Firelight and Amblin’. After he signed his contract with Universal Studios, the director went on to film record-breaking movies. A few of Spielberg’s movies include Jaws, Jurassic Park, and E.T. The Extra Terrestrial. These films share some of this iconic filmmaker’s trademarks such as the long take, character expressions, and the reoccurring theme of family. First, what is a long take? This element of cinematography is one of S pielberg’s greatest signatures; he holds the title, â€Å"The Spielberg Oner.† This type of shot is continuous, and does not cut away to other shots. The main camera follows the action and characters, and no editing is used. In the old world of filmography, long takes were very common. In fact, some films were entirely composed of sequences of long takes. Nowadays, this technique is not often used, and when they are, they are very noticeable. This is where Steven Spielberg stands out; in his films, this director’s long takes are notShow MoreRelatedThe Utilisation Of Symmetry Within Filmmaking1645 Words   |  7 Pageswithin filmmaking, primarily in cinematography, is a stylised technique used to highlight significant events film narratives. This proposal will decipher whether symmetry used as a stylistic filmic technique, is a notable and powerful visual aid that heightens the viewers experience and significance of narrative developments. The purpose of this st udy is to gauge information about how symmetry showcases a posed and staged approach in filmmaking, and if that will drive the movement of film narrativesRead MoreWhat Is Cinema? The World s Most Complex, Collaborative, And Costly Essay1148 Words   |  5 Pagesin the 19th century. It is the world’s most complex, collaborative, and costly artistic expression. Initially, the first two versions of the film camera used were the kineto-graph and its European counterpart, the cinematograph to record daily events like a train arrival at a station and an electrocuting elephant. It was after that when Documentary filmmaking was then born and tremendously explored. Average men were instructed on how to use the recently-created camera and were hired to go for journeysRead MoreDefining Socially Conscious Film Making Essay1311 Words   |  6 Pages DOES THE END JUSTIFY THE MEANS? HOW DO WE DEFINE SOCIALLY CONSCIOUS FILMMAKING? Two accountants recently told me that the IRS is questioning (as they tended to do so years ago) whether filmmakers are hobbyists or professionals. They determine this on the basis of whether or not profits are made on a sustainable basis. Most obviously, one of the main issues facing our industry is supply and demand—too many people willing to work for low wages in an industry in which there is too little demandRead MoreNetwork of People in the Film Industry Essay example1120 Words   |  5 PagesNetwork of people in the film industry The film industry, unlike the music industry or the art world, consists of simultaneously literary, visual and audio elements. As a result, the film industry is a complex industry with talents from more diverse fields involved. According to a web page, Film Jobs Hierarchy (2013), the production of a film normally consist of four phases, namely development, pre production, production and post production, and an additional phase of distribution. Each involvesRead MoreReflection Of Casablanca1282 Words   |  6 Pages Throughout the term I have begun experiencing movies in a different way. The class has taken ideas of cinematography, theory, and film history and practically applied it to physically watching movies. By breaking down scenes and movies as a whole, the way I look at films in general has developed. A reflection on two of the films from this term, Casablanca (Curtiz, 1942) and North by Northwest (Hitchcock, 1959) will carry the bulk of the essay. Though, I will also be discussing how this class changedRead MoreFilm Analysis : Akira Kurosawa s Samurai Films1672 Words   |  7 PagesAmerica dominated the freshly emerged film industry. Each country had their own distinctive filming style, which in turn helped them each eventually make a name for themselves in this rising industry. Noh Theater, soft self-analysis, and minimalism heavily influenced Japan’s filming techniques. Meanwhile, America was the complete opposite with their flashy action scenes, dramatic effects, and plot-dri ven films. Kurosawa integrated western styles of filmmaking along with Japanese style to create hisRead MoreFilm Review On The Film Cinema 1673 Words   |  7 Pagescraft, thus giving individual films a specific personality which therefore eased the process of discerning which piece of cinema was created by which filmmaker. Because of the progress made in film technology, especially early on, certain aspects of filmmaking that once were inconceivable (camera movement, Foley, CGI) are often employed in the films that audiences view today. Although, while the evolution of technology may be linear, it cannot be assumed that quality of film follows the same trend. InsteadRead MoreEssay about Land Without Bread1391 Words   |  6 PagesLand Without Bread by Luis Bunuel There are numerous ethnographic surrealist films that have an intriguing relationship to aesthetics and politics. A film that exemplifies this relationship is â€Å"Las Hurdes: Tierra Sin Pan† (Land Without Bread). This film is only 27-minutes and is directed by the infamous Luis Bunuel in 1933. Bunuel was a Spanish filmmaker of the 1920’s to the 1970’s. He is often attributed to being one of the major contributors to the surrealist movement of the 1920’s. â€Å"EthnographicRead MoreMovie Analysis : The Hurt Locker1515 Words   |  7 Pagesleader Sergeant First Class William James in Katherine Bigelow’s film The Hurt Locker (2008) provides insight to a world that much of the audience will never experience. Although The Hurt Locker would be regarded as a â€Å"realistic† film in form and content by modern standards, the resulting product would not belong totally to â€Å"realist cinema† as defined by French theorist and film ciritic A ndre Bazin. Bigelow’s directive approach to the film opposes the core of his writings with the use close ups, obtrusiveRead MoreAnalysis Of Gunning s Theory, The Term `` Attractions ``2469 Words   |  10 Pageshis attempt to find a new model and mode of analysis for the theater (Eisenstein, 1970). In Gerould’s (Gerould, 1974) Einstein Montage of Attractions he states: An attraction aggressively subjected the spectator to â€Å"sensual or psychological impact.† According to Eisenstein, theater should consist of a montage of such attractions, creating a relation to the spectator entirely different from his absorption in â€Å"illusory imitativeness. When advertising a film it is important for the producers to create

The Federal Reserve System Financial Crisis - 5929 Words

The Federal Reserve System amp; Financial Crisis Alejandro Cuervo Wilmington University Abstract As we go into our research on the financial crisis of 2007, we will try to answer some questions about what actually cause of the failure of our financial system, which almost collapse the dollar. While there are plenty of faults to go around on what cause this crisis, there was never a clear path on how to reverse the demand that was cause by repealing the Glass-Steagall Act of 1933. Although there has been other regulations and acts pass since the repeal of the Act of 1933, the ability to restore and strength our dollar has been an uphill battle to take control of it. What was known within our economic system to readjust and rebuilt†¦show more content†¦Chris Cox the ex-security exchange commission chief, with his inability to enforce the rules, especially in the Madoff scandal, as if he did have the power to go after investment banks like Lehman Brothers, which was a product of the repeal of the Glass-Steagall act and Merrill Lynch for better disclosure, he simply chose t o turn a blind eye to it. Interesting enough, the American consumer was fifth on this list, and that is because of the constant borrowing and living above the means of their income. So once the bubble burst, we realize that we had less money to backup all bills as stated within the article. The money we owed per individual increased to more than 130% of income in 2007, up from about 60% in 1982. As we continue through this article, we see Hank Paulson’s name, he was the treasury secretary in 2006, and Joe Cassano, the founding member of AIG financial products unit, which used the credit default swap (CDS) for companies to pay their debts was at the center of the downfall of AIG and as stated before costing the American public billions of dollars in bailouts. Ian McCarthy as the CEO of Beazer homes was exposed in the Charlotte Observer in 2007 for aggressive sale tactics, which included lying about borrower qualification in gaining loansShow MoreRelatedThe Federal Reserve ( Investopedia ) Essay1574 Words   |  7 Pagesmonetary system, called the Federal Reserve (Investopedia). It involves one central agency and twelve regional Federal Reserve Banks that are accountable for their designated areas in the United States (Investopedia). Its primary purpose was to establish a secure, malleable, and a solid financial system which was to prevent financial devastation during times of crisis (Investopedia). More specifically, prior to the creation of the Federal Reserve Bank, the United States had bouts of crisis that createdRead MoreFederal Reserve System and Monetary Policy1263 Words   |  6 PagesFederal Reserve System and Monetary policy Amir Jahangir Federal Reserve System and Monetary policy Introduction United States Federal Reserve system, also known as Federal Reserve or simply â€Å"Fed† is the United States central banking system. The Federal Reserve took inception in 1913, after the adoption of the Federal Reserve Act. The United States Congress has mandated three macroeconomic objectives to the Federal Reserve. These are minimum levels of unemployment, prices stability andRead MoreOpen Market Rate : The Feds Target Rate1624 Words   |  7 Pages Federal funds target rate graph Source: Author’s own work using data from Z.1 releases, 2015 From the above graph, the Fed’s target rate was on an upward trend in the year preceding the financial crisis and leveled off immediately before the crisis and then went on a downward spiral trend as the Fed passed policies to ensure low borrowing rates to encourage investments and discourage savings, to stir economic growth. Reserve requirements, which refers to mandatory deposits that commercial banksRead MoreThe Twentieth Century American Banking System1453 Words   |  6 PagesTwentieth Century American Banking System. Banking regulations are implemented to strengthen the banking sector and to eliminate bank panics. For example, the creation of the Federal Reserve System in 1913 was largely a response to lessons learned in the Panic of 1907. The Creation of the Federal Reserve System in 1913 marked the beginning of the modern era of Banking in America. From 1864 until 1913, American banking was dominated by a federally regulated system of the national banks. They aloneRead MoreCase Study : Corporate Responsibilty And Regulation956 Words   |  4 PagesAnisha Patel September 15, 2014 Corporate Responsibilty Regulation Cause of 2008 Financial Crisis The financial crisis of 2008 occurred in early 2006 when the mortgage market showed apparent increasing rates of default. Due to these defaults, in 2006 there was a decline in US housing prices after years of exceptional growth. US citizens slowly watched their primary source of wealth deflate into barely anything. By 2007, the prime mortgage rates had higher default rates. Unfortunately CollateralizedRead MoreSwap Lines As Anti Crisis Measure1402 Words   |  6 Pages Swap lines as anti-crisis measure ZHENG ZHOU 999476286 Introduction After the world financial crisis of 2008, there have been significant changes in the operation of the central banks of a large number of countries. The monetary policies were forced to be modified by implementation of a series of measures, which were not previously exploited and considered â€Å"nonstandard†. On the worldwide basis, this was mostly the development of the reciprocal currency arrangements, which assume the creationRead MoreTrade Securities Outside Of The Formal Exchange Systems1594 Words   |  7 PagesOver-the-counter, or OTC, markets are used to trade securities outside of the formal exchange systems that sell different types of derivatives and unlisted stocks. Smaller companies often have their stocks traded on OTC markets because they are not able to meet the extensive requirements of the formal exchanges. These markets are not subject to the same strict regulations as formal stock exchanges and the companies that use them are not required to be as transpar ent as larger companies trading onRead MoreEconomics Analysis : The Federal Reserve Essay1717 Words   |  7 Pagesassignment I picked â€Å"the role of the Federal Reserve† a mere recital of the economic policies of government all over the world is calculated to cause any serious student of economics to throw up his hands in despair (pg, 74). The Federal Reserve is now in the business of enforcing the United States government’s drug laws, even if that means making a mockery of both state governments’ right to set their drug policies and the Fed’s governing statutes. A Federal Reserve official who played a key role inRead MoreThe Federal Reserve And Financial Crisis With The United States Essay1231 Words   |  5 PagesThe Federal Reserve and Financial Crisis with the United States: Strategical Economic Decision Making in the Face of Crisis Historical Structure of the Federal Reserve In the year 1776, the Continental Congress adopted the Declaration of Independence, which proclaimed that the new United States of America would govern independently from Great Britain and it’s King. Prompted by unfavorable social protocols, economic policy, and biased tax principles, America began its journey of self-regulation. WithRead MoreEssay on Lessons Learned in Money and Banking1550 Words   |  7 Pagesexaggerated criticism of the Federal Reserve. Money and Banking has deepened my understanding of the Federal Reserve and has helped me challenge those criticisms. The U.S. standard of living would drop if people lost faith in the safety of financial institutions. Frederic Mishkin makes the point in the text, The Economics of Money Banking, and Financial Markets (2010) that â€Å"Banks and other financial institutions are what make financial markets work. Without them, financial markets would not be able

Healthcare Administration free essay sample

I have taken the initiative to pursue a graduate level degree in healthcare administration. Upon completion of this program, along with my significant work experience in my specialized field, I plan on setting myself apart from the rest of the workforce. I will have the personality and the resume that stands out among any other of the applicants’. As I start to advance through the master’s program, I am preparing for the challenges that lie ahead. Time management is going to be one of the greatest hindering forces I will have to overcome while obtaining my master’s. I will have to learn how to successfully maintain and excel in the career I currently have, while allotting sufficient time to pursue my degree (Carter, Bishop amp; Lyman Kravits, 2011). I want my employer to be fully aware and supportive of my choice to further my education. This will allow me to reduce stress levels while I venture throughout my continuing education. We will write a custom essay sample on Healthcare Administration or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I will also need to maintain a certain GPA to remain eligible for continued financial support from my employer. That means I need to attend all classes and have no absences from work. Financial issues may also arise upon returning to school. I will have to carefully budget my salary, while continuing to accrue savings and retirement funds already established. While balancing school and work, my family life may start to suffer. I will need to ensure my family that this stressful time will soon pass as the semesters dwindle down and graduation approaches. During breaks from school, I will dedicate as much time possible to my family. I will plan activities that will be fun for the family as a whole, but also individualized activities for each of them. I want to reassure them that although I am very busy outside of the home, I still love them all dearly and I still pay attention to the details of the family. By the end of this semester, I need to have reestablished proper studying habits. I plan on setting aside certain time frames every evening and weekend for school work. I need to be self disciplined though, and make myself use this time properly to ensure I meet this personal goal of regaining the student mind frame (Johnson, G. , 2000) . My long-term goal of successfully balancing the many different facets of my life will be reached when I have my master’s degree in my hand. One of the keys to my success is proper communication skills. As I have progressed through my career, I have learned that one has to be able to easily adapt their communication skills to ensure audience comprehension. When speaking to people in general it is imperative to take into consideration their education level and speak at their level so they walk away with a complete understanding of the conversation. I feel that my communication skills used for talking to individuals are very efficient. I have the skill to explain topics in many different ways. I have also learned different dialects and slang terms by travelling throughout the United States and different parts of the world. Taking foreign language classes would also be beneficial for the growing culturally diverse population in the United States. I would like to improve the way I speak to a large group. I feel that I can relate and communicate with people on an individual level easier. Volunteering to present in-services or teaching sessions at work would be an ideal starting strategy for improving my group speaking skills. Once comfortable with a departmental presentation, targeting a more diverse audience would be the next logical strategy to use. I would first take note of the key points needing to be conveyed to the target group. By thinking of different ways to emphasize the importance of those keys points without sounding repetitive would be the key to keeping the attention of a diverse audience. Overall, the next several semesters of my education are the key to my future. I need to gain insight into what steps I need to take to excel in the career I chose in healthcare adminstration. I need to learn the specialized information for my major, but I also need to further develop the interpersonal skills I already possess (Carter, Bishop amp; Lyman Kravits, 2011). I want to have the ability to advance in my career easily. While working my way to the position I ultimately desire, I hope to retain a plethora of pertinent information that I can pass onto new members of the workforce as they embark on their career path like I did years ago. Carter, C. , Bishop, J. , amp; Lyman Kravits, S. (2011). Keys to Effective Learning. Study Skills and Habits for Success (6th ed. ). Johnson, G. (2000, May 2). All-nighters dont work, study says; Minimum six hours sleep required to absorb information: [Final Edition]. The Windsor Star Rochford, R. (2003, September). Assessing learning styles to improve the quality of performance of community college students in developmental writing programs:

History of Immigration and Its Timeline in the United States

Cultural diversity in the United States is a direct result of immigration. In fact, almost all ethnic groups in the country are products of immigration.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on History of Immigration and Its Timeline in the United States specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More For instance, the white majority in the United States are descendants of migrants from Europe. Likewise, most minority ethnic groups are descendants of migrants from other parts of the world namely Africa, South America, Asia, and North America (especially Mexico), among others. In essence, understanding the relations between ethnic groups in the United States requires a thorough look at the history of immigration. Consequently, this paper explores history of immigration and its timeline. The United States is majorly composed of immigrants. This happened in various timelines of its controversial history. In fact, United States’ immi gration is considered special to the rest of the world. Firstly, no other country has ever experienced such great numbers of immigrants who came from every part of the world. Secondly, it provided jobs and alternatives for most immigrants. However, it is important to state that U.S. immigration has been quite controversial. Moreover, its immigration policy has raised eyebrows on its agenda. The policy has repeatedly failed to mitigate the type of immigrants and to control the number of immigrants entering the U.S. The first immigrants were mainly composed of British settlers (60%) who came between 1607 and 1776. During this period, there was no immigration policy. Most of these settlers came for economic and religious reasons. This period saw the coming of Germans who settled in Pennsylvania. They had their own culture and language. They were also quite controversial as they were seen as disloyal to mainstream Americans. The next batch that came into America during this period was A frican slaves. It is estimated that only roughly 500,000 slaves immigrated to the United Stated despite slave trade of between 11 and 12 million slaves of African descent to the greater Americas. Moreover, about 10% of Africans who lived in the North were free although they faced extreme discrimination. However, those in the South faced terrible conditions in slavery. A common characteristic of this state was continued revolts in the South. Incidentally, the first large-scale immigration was observed between 1820 and 1880. This encompassed over 10 million people. There was no immigration policy until in 1875 when the first control act was established. The first wave of immigration saw large immigration from Europe (especially the Irish and the Germans). They came mainly for economic reasons.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The second large-scale (over 27.5 million) immigration happened between 1880 and 1930. Most migrants were from Southern and Eastern Europe (especially Italians, Poles, and Russians). They were poor and unskilled. They lived in concentrated areas. They also had their own customs, religion, and language. About 1 million Jews also migrated during this period. In contrast to their Eastern and Southern Europe counterparts, the Jews were skilled. However, they both faced discrimination in their newfound homes. This led to the establishment of an improved immigration act that tested potential immigrants on literacy (1917), restricted the total immigration (165000 annually from1924), and introduced quota of 2% of immigrants on countries of origin. This greatly affected Asian and Eastern/Southern Europeans. Moreover, the former were further restricted through the China exclusion act (1882). Immigrants from Japan were quite dismal although they are the most decorated in history of United States. The next large-scale immigration was later seen after 1965 ( prior to this, there was the great depression and World War II which affected immigration). Mexican migration was predominant in this period although some theorists suggest earlier settlement as evidenced by Mexican war of 1846, among others. Immigration policy has undergone various changes since 1965. These include the Hart Cellar act (1965), among others. This essay on History of Immigration and Its Timeline in the United States was written and submitted by user Crew Sykes to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

7 Patterns of Sentence Structure

7 Patterns of Sentence Structure 7 Patterns of Sentence Structure 7 Patterns of Sentence Structure By Mark Nichol Sentence structure can be categorized into seven patterns: one simple, three compound, two complex, and one compound-complex. Here are examples of each pattern with accompanying formulas, all to help you think of how to craft sentences in a greater variety of syntax: 1. Simple sentence (independent clause): â€Å"I went for a walk.† (An independent clause is set of words that includes a subject and a predicate. It can be a sentence or part of one. A dependent, or subordinate, clause is one that cannot stand on its own but provides additional information to supplement an independent clause.) 2. Compound sentence, IC+CC+IC (independent clause plus coordinating conjunction plus independent clause): â€Å"I went for a walk, and I was soothed by the gentle night air.† (Coordinating conjunctions are words that link one independent clause to another to form a compound sentence. These words can be recalled with the mnemonic FANBOYS and include for, and, nor, but, or, yet, and so.) 3. Compound sentence, IC+S+IC (independent clause plus semicolon plus independent clause): â€Å"I went for a walk; I was soothed by the gentle night air.† 4. Compound sentence, IC+AC+IC (independent clause plus adverbial conjunction plus independent clause): â€Å"I went for a walk; consequently, I was soothed by the gentle night air.† (Adverbial conjunctions are adverbs that serve, when following a semicolon, to link independent clauses. They include consequently, however, moreover, nevertheless, therefore, and thus.) 5. Complex sentence, DM+C+IC (dependent marker plus clause plus independent clause): â€Å"Because I hoped to be soothed by the gentle night air, I went for a walk.† (Dependent markers are words that provide a relative context for a subordinate clause. They include after, although, as, â€Å"as if,† because, before, if, since, though, until, when, where, whether, and while.) 6. Complex sentence, RP+C (relative pronoun plus clause): â€Å"Whatever doubts I had about taking a walk dissipated when I was soothed by the gentle night air.† (Relative pronouns are pronouns that relate a subordinate clause to the noun it modifies. They include who, whom, whose, whoever, whosoever, whomever, which, what, whatever, and sometimes that.) 7. Compound-complex sentence, DC+IC+CC+IC (dependent clause plus independent clause plus coordinating conjunction plus independent clause): â€Å"As I headed out for a walk, my doubts about doing so dissipated, and I was soothed by the gentle night air.† There are, of course, many variations to these patterns; even a simple sentence, for instance, can begin with the object in the example converted to the subject of another simple sentence: â€Å"A walk was my next order of business.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:12 Signs and Symbols You Should Know40 Synonyms for â€Å"Different†20 Classic Novels You Can Read in One Sitting

International accounting in china Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

International accounting in china - Essay Example 1990 was a watershed year wherein the PRC laid out the basic general objectives for the accounting system reform which consisted of the fundamental and specific accounting standards against the background of the international accounting practices catering to the nation's requirements. (Accounting and Auditing Standards) The approach had the inclusion of a two-pronged one that had involved the makeover to an accounting system driven by market-economy from the existing planned economy accounting system. The first step led to the formation of the International Accounting Standard -- IAS based Basic Accounting Standards in the year 1992. This apart, a fresh package of uniform accounting system was being released for the purpose of the vital economic sectors. The second step will have a complete system of accounting standards which meant for businesses which would be built over the process of time bringing the Chinese accounting system on the similar lines along with the global practices. The espousing of the Basic Accounting Standard in the year 1992 standardised the financial operations of all businesses, public enterprises, as well as governmental bodies and dealt with several issues and problems connected with the old system. (Accounting and Auditing Standards) Background of China's economy (1980 to date: market economy): The year 1980 had set the conditions for the "Second Revolution" that marked the starting of the reforms in every arena of the Chinese society by the leaders who had ruled the country after Mao Zedong. The leadership of the PRC had turned over to economic reforms as the main instrument in order to realize the extensive objective of the conditions of modernizations in four principal sectors such as industry, agriculture, science and technology and defence and to make the nation join into the group of advanced industrial countries by the beginning of the new millennium. This reform approach was initiated during the 1980s and it has been credited generally to the initiatives as well as single-mindedness of the stalwart Deng Xiaoping, who was the most important leader in China after Mao Zedong under whose leadership had brought about comprehensive economic modernization as well as organizational reforms program. The progress of the industrial sector in China was being marked by the large -scale movement of the population towards the urban areas. The population had crossed over 1 billion by the year 1982 with an annual growth rate of about 1.4%. (The People's Republic of China V: Reforms, 1980-88) With the passage of time, overseas experts were being called in for a helping hand in the process of modernization and the JVs with foreign capitalists and the MNCs had increased. However the growth as well as the successful harnessing of the technological skills, which is the main crux of the Four Modernisation had required the necessity of huge investment and further needed extra labour by the Chinese people. In a partial departure from the goal of 'self-reliance', China started taking

LAW OF CONSUMER PROTECTION Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

LAW OF CONSUMER PROTECTION - Essay Example Then the consequences for recovering and claiming damages with respect to the sale of goods under a hire purchase agreement will be discussed. The first problem of note appears to be a case of misrepresentation. Keith, the sales agent with whom Vic and Gaynor negotiated the purchase of the sofa from Funky Furniture with, represented to the couple that the sofa would fit through the internal doors of their home. This concern appeared to be a pre-condition of the contract for the sale of the sofa. Having convinced the pair that the sofa would fit through the internal doors of their home, Vic and Gaynor decided to enter into a hire purchase agreement for the purchase of the sofa. Under the law of contract, misrepresentation arises in situations where there is a communication of false facts which have the effect of inducing the party who is receiving the false representation to enter into legal obligations.1 A Misrepresentation can be made either negligently, fraudulently or innocently. The extent of the applicable remedies in respect of misrepresentation will depend on the type of misrepresentation made.2 In a typical case where misrepresentation is substantiated, the innocent party can if he/she desires, rescind the contract and/or make a claim for concurrent damages.3 Vic is required to prove that she relied on Keith’s misrepresentation or that she was induced to enter into the contract because of Keith’s misrepresentation.4 If however, Vic relied on her own judgment with respect to the sofa being able to fit into the internal doors of her home she cannot claim that she relied on Keith’s misrepresentation.5 On the facts of the case for discussion however, it appears that Vic did not rely on her own judgment since she questioned whether or not the sofa would fit into the interior doors. It was only after Keith assured her that it would that she entered into the contract for the purchase of the sofa.

Sigmund Freud and the Psychodynamic Perspective

Sigmund Freud and the Psychodynamic Perspective Introduction The origins of The Psychodynamic Perspective can be traced to the early work of Sigmund Freud. Using sub headings this essay will identify the main tenets of Freud’s approach to the understanding of human behaviour: his views on determinism; his use of hypnosis as therapy; his belief that human behaviour is controlled by separate yet interlinked layers of the mind (conscious and unconscious); his views on sex and aggression; and the importance he placed on unresolved and unseen conflict involving the ‘ego’, the ‘id’, and the ‘superego’ (Cave: 1999, p.31/2). The work will then explore how the perspective might be used in a healthcare setting, and will assess inherent strengths and weaknesses. Determinism Determinism, the belief that ‘every state of affairs, including every human event, act, and decision is the inevitable consequence of antecedent states of affairs’ (GuruNet: for details see References) greatly influenced Freud who sought to identify hidden causes for human behaviours. His theory is a dynamic process from the early years of a human’s life where the first interactions with others affect the development of the personality, through to the adult years where the person learns and adopts social values. Hypnosis During his time in France, Freud observed the work of Jean Charcot whose use  of hypnosis led to his ‘inducing and curing hysterical paralyses by means of direct  hypnotic suggestion.’ (Gay: 1998, p.49). Later work with Josef Breuer involved hypnosis where patients recalled traumatic experiences and expressed their emotions as a way to release the conflict within; this was the cathartic method. Freud began to develop his idea that emotionally disturbed patients had problems that were sexually orientated, and, as a development on his work in hypnosis he worked on the idea of ‘free association.’ (Nye: 1975, p.11). Instead of sending patients into a trance using his voice, Freud altered the technique of hypnosis so that the patient independently drew forth words and feelings which might be analysed or explained by the analyst. Unconscious and Conscious activity ‘Freud himself regarded the concept of the unconscious as fundamental to psychoanalysis. It is what makes the psychoanalytic approach distinctive; it is the defining characteristic of the Freudian perspective towards human action.’ (Bocock: 2002, P.32) One of the fundamental beliefs behind Freud’s work was indeed his distinction  between the unconscious, preconscious, and conscious areas of the human mind. He stipulated that the unconscious was the governing force where dreams, habits, thoughts and feelings originate from. In order to investigate these phenomenon he used psychoanalysis; as Nye phrases it in The Three Psychologies ‘it is the role of psychoanalysis to unravel the mystery by seeking the sources of thoughts, feelings, and actions in hidden drives and conflicts.’ (1975, p.10). Through using this technique Freud aimed to identify the nature of crucial communications occurring in early childhood which would affect adult behaviour. Dream interpretation is another of Freud’s infamous techniques; occurring when a person is asleep and unguarded he claimed that this was an opportunity for  unconscious drives and desires to manifest themselves through symbolic images. The  waking human mind however is conscious, meaning that it is aware of what is  immediate to it, and the preconscious is the level between. As Nye summarises it: ‘the unconscious consists of all aspects of our personalities of which we are unaware. The preconscious consists of that which is not immediately at the level of awareness  but is fairly accessible.’ (1975, p.13). The id As part of his understanding of human behaviour Freud identified the human personality as constituting three different structures: the id, the ego, and the superego. The id is what the human child is born with instinct which contains base biological drives; the id seeks immediate satisfaction of primitive impulses, and operates on the ‘pleasure principle’ (Freud: 1927, p.30), seeking to avoid pain and maximise gratification. The instincts that a person is born with remain with them for life: life energy and death energy, which exist side by side, respectively concern the drive to survive (eat, drink, reproduce), and the primitive tendency to return to the ‘inanimate state’ (Nye: 1975, p.14) which has its origins in the prehistory of the world where life forms were unstable. Sex and Aggression ‘In proposing two psychological entities: our animal selves, in the form of the id, and our social selves, the ego and super-ego, (Freud) directly addressed the relationship between biology and socialisation, and the dynamic between them. For Freud, being human was individual peoples endless negotiation between the two.’ (Bland: 2003). It is precisely such negotiation that causes the varieties and extremes of behaviour seen in human beings. As well as the life and death instincts, humans are driven by their sexual drive and their aggressive drive; these being underlying causes of human behaviour. Freud made no distinction between what people might class as ‘everyday’ feelings and sexual feelings. Because humans are animals they are driven to  experience primal urges and desires but simultaneously live in a society where  standards contain and condition human behaviour. Thus, this is where the conflict arises between the drives of the id and the learnt morality of the superego so that anxiety, fear, and neuroses can all be traced to a basic incompatibility of the human  instinct with the socialised world which has evolved around it. The nature of Freud’s concept of aggression is that it is innate and thus a natural state. As one of the most powerful energies within the human mind aggression can cause serious damage mental and physical if it is not released in some way. Freud’s claims that some of the innate destructive energy is never released and so a person harbours the death instinct which eventually overcomes the other drives resulting in death. (Nye: 1975). Ultimately, the emotional life of a human being is destined to be a turbulent one: powerful energies conflict and override each other, and it is the role of psychodynamic therapy to uncover and understand the layers and symbolism within the psyche. A further understanding of these complex processes may be achieved through examining Freud’s concept of the ego and the nature of its functions. The Ego Freud suggested that the ego is a form of mediation between the urges of the id and the learnt morality in the super-ego, evolving as a person grows older in order to help them cope with the world. As the ego develops so does the person’s perception of reality, and a wider view is attained than simply the pleasures of subjective gratification. Freud’s pleasure principle thus becomes replaced by the ’reality principle’ (Stoodley: 1959, p.169). The desires of the id cannot always be realised, so the ego causes humans to convert them into other modes of behaviour;  not only in cathartic sport activities but also in people’s careers. Understanding the work environment in the context of the Psychodynamic Perspective will be discussed later. Freud likens the ego to a ‘a man on horseback, who has to hold in check the superior strength of the horse; with this difference, that the rider seeks to do so with  his own strength while the ego uses borrowed forces. () Often a rider, if he is not to be parted from his horse, is obliged to guide it where it wants to go; so in the same  way the ego constantly carries into action the wishes of the id as if they were its own.’ (Freud: 1927, p.30). Freud’s approach was radical for his time because he saw psychology very much through the same eyes as he saw evolution; as a process involving accumulative and transferable energy. Freud suggested that the energy levels in a person originating from the id and controlled, to an extent, by the ego (depending on circumstances) were affected by restrictions placed on that person by those around them. If these energies were not allowed to have an outlet then the person might suffer from anxiety. A strong ego will therefore develop as the person’s circumstances allow them to adjust to the real world while also going part of the way to satisfying the demands of the id. The Superego The superego incorporates the values and morals of society which are learnt from a person’s parents and other influential figures, and develops as a result of rewards and punishments as the individual grows up. The superego provides the personality with a conscience; a form of overview concerning right and wrong actions, which can cause a person to feel guilty. Freud termed the superego’s internal standard of what a person should be as the ‘ego-ideal’. (Nye: 1975, p.20). The superego is responsible for extremes of behaviour such as introvert behaviour, where  it will concern the person with too many of society’s rules, inhibiting the id and ’immobilizing the ego’s attempts to achieve satisfaction in the real world (Nye: 1975, p.20). On the other hand it can also cause extrovert behaviour where the individual abandons the expected standards of society. Anxiety and defence mechanisms When anxieties develop they can often be explained through the processes which  Freud termed ‘anxiety or defence mechanisms.’ The problem is to do with the  desires of the id they can be controlled by the superego and directed by the ego, but they still remain as very strong inclinations within the psyche. A desire of the id to act in a particular way may be thought of as wrong or punishable and thus creates guilt and tension anxiety within the person. The impulse might be expressed in a disguised form that society does approve of for example becoming a racing car driver or boxer as an outlet for aggression. Other ways of coping with the presence of inner energies are: Repression This is the phenomenon of forcing the uncomfortable desires, painful feelings and memories into the unconscious, only for them to affect our behaviour and mental states on a subliminal level, maybe emerging as Freudian slips or as symbolic imagery in nightmares. It is the job of the ego to try and prevent the ‘forgotten’ thoughts from returning to the conscious mind. Projection This occurs when someone assigns their own negative thoughts to another in order to  absolve themselves of the feeling. Denial Negative aspects of a situation may be avoided if the ego simply does not  acknowledge that they are there; this may be conscious or unconscious. Sublimation When forbidden impulses are channelled into socially acceptable behaviour or a socially beneficial situation for example, an aggressive man might choose to become  a martial arts teacher or a soldier. Alternatively, when a substitute action or transfer  of energy replaces the reaction to the person or object that originally caused the upset it is called displacement. The Psychodynamic Perspective in a healthcare setting Freud’s work has been influential not just in the field of psychology but also in conjunction with the sphere of mental health and social care. His group dynamics where he suggests that a group of people admit the same person a leader into their superego and identify with each other (Cave: 1999, p.57) can help individuals to understand the sometimes complex relations between work colleagues. For example, when a new worker joins a team it takes time to become integrated: Freud would say that this was due to the ‘personal space’ barrier (Cave: 1999, p.58) not yet being broken. Once the person is accepted then the group directs hostility to others outside of it, the barrier changing to a ‘group space’ barrier. More importantly an awareness of group processes can help ‘inform, promote insight, change behaviour or alleviate suffering.’(Cave: 1999, p.50). Understanding the relationships between individuals within a group is crucial for healthcare professionals who work in hospitals and care homes. For example, it could be beneficial to understand what facilitates group cohesion when working with discussion/therapy groups. Alternatively, a patient who is afraid of group work may  be best understood in isolation Freud’s psychoanalytic approach is commonly used in counselling and therapy for drug users, those who have been/are abused, and can be  beneficial to those suffering from obsessions and neurotic disorders. It is vital to have a good rapport and understanding between healthcare workers and patients to provide the best professional environment for recovery. Difficult situations often arise which require tact and discretion such as bereavement and can be understood in terms of Freud’s distinctions between the ego and the id and the conscious and unconscious mind. For example, an unusual pattern of behaviour (possibly anger or guilt) seen in a bereaved person might be attributed to a  defence mechanism which is masking the hidden conflict or upset associated with the death. Critical evaluation of the Psychodynamic Perspective Like all psychological theories, Freud’s is susceptible to heavy criticism because it is one of many perspectives all of which are formed by people trying to study other people making it difficult to attain complete objectivity. Skinner’s behaviourist theory criticises Freud for his belief that many guilt and anxiety complexes are sexually orientated (Nye: 1975, p.52), and there is also conflict between Freudian theorists and those psychologists who view behaviour as controlled by external factors: an example being the issue of suggestion in psychoanalysis and hypnosis. Take for instance, the case study of ‘Dora’ (Cave: 1975, p.37) whose abuse was suggested by Freud to be imagined, the consequence being that after counselling sessions with Freud she showed no signs of improvement. There is discrepancy about the meaning of dream symbols, and the outcome of hypnosis and psychoanalysis is often ambiguous and unreliable. Further problems occur when using hypnosis as therapy because the patient might not be properly under, and, as Freud himself found, they may even fall asleep. Nye notes that Freud used a restricted sample while developing his theory so  that it was not fully representative, and therefore his ideas only have limited applicability. (1975, p.146). Freud’s studies might also have been selectively chosen  to represent his ideas considering the complex nature of concepts such as the Oedipus complex it is unlikely that his findings were reliably consistent. As Webster says in criticism of Freud: (He) made no substantial intellectual discoveries. He was the creator of a complex pseudo-science which should be recognized as one of the great follies of Western civilization. In creating his particular pseudo-science, Freud developed an autocratic, anti-empirical intellectual style which has contributed immeasurably to the intellectual ills of our own era. (Webster: 1995, p.438) A large amount of Freudian theory is indeed based around hypothetical concepts such as the id and the ego, and is restricting in the sense that all behaviour can be traced back to some hidden primal source. Yet it is necessary to bear in mind that much of Freud’s theory has found its way into everyday language such as the ‘unconscious’ and ‘conscious mind‘, the ‘ego‘, etc, and this in itself suggests that the theory makes adequate sense to the human mind. Thus, we are left with a theory that is at the very least plausible but left very much open to interpretation: like many opposing theories evidence can be found for and against it, and it is left to the individual to determine whether or not the theory is acceptable to them. References Bland. J., 2003, About Gender: Freud, the Father of Psychoanalysis. Available from URL (http://www.gender.org.uk/about/01psanal/11_freud.htm). Bocock, R., 2002, Sigmund Freud. London: Routledge. Cave, S., 1999, Therapeutic Approaches in Psychology. London: Routledge. Gay, P., 1998. Freud: A Life for Our Time. New York: Norton. GuruNet, online dictionary, available from URL (www.questia.com). Freud, S., 1927. The Ego and the Id. Contributors: Joan Riviere transltr. London: Hogarth press, and the Institute of psycho-analysis. Messer, D., and Meldrum, 1995, Psychology for Nurses and Healthcare Professionals. Prentice Hall: London. Nye, R., 1975, The Three Psychologies, 3rd Ed. California: Brooks. Stoodley, B., H., 1959, The Concepts of Sigmund Freud. Glencoe: Free Press Webster, R., 1995, Available from URL (JavaScript:parent.bookWindow(../books/bookstz.html l WebsterR_1995) Background Reading Fine, R., D., 1962, Freud: A Critical Re-Evaluation of His Theories. New York: David Mckay. Jones, E., 1953, The Life and Work of Sigmund Freud: The Formative Years and the Great Discoveries, 1856-1900. Volume: 1. New York: Basic Books. Levine, M., P., 2000, The Analytic Freud: Philosophy and Psychoanalysis. London: Routledge. Mansfield, N., 2000, Theories of the Self from Freud to Haraway. St. Leonards, N.S.W: Allen Unwin.

Comparing Confucianism and Christianity Essay -- Christianity Confuciu

Comparing Confucianism and Christianity The premise of Confucian teachings are centered around the idea of Jen or the  ³virtue of humanity (Ching 68). ² To accomplish this divinity, five relationships must be honored: ruler and minister, father and son, husband and wife, elder and younger brother, and friend and friend (Hopfe). These relationships led a push for a revolution of the political system to adopt the methods of Jen. Confucius sought to revive the ancient Chinese culture by redefining the importance of society and government. He described a society governed by  ³reasonable, humane, and just sensibilities, not by the passions of individuals arbitrarily empowered by hereditary status ² (Clearly). He felt that this could be achieved through education and the unification of cultural beliefs. He believed that a nation would be benefited by citizens that were  ³ cultivated people whose intellects and emotions had been developed and matured by conscious people ² (Clearly). He felt that those born into the feudal system were had a personal duty to excel socially by means of power. Those who were of lesser class should also seek out education to better themselves. All purposes for betterment of man and society as one whole is known as Li. Li means  ³the rationalized social order ² (Yutang). Confucius felt that love and respect for authority was a key to a perfect society; this strict respect was practiced through rituals and magic (Smith). The Confucius traditions have caused a tradition to set within its institution and is extremely active. It has, unfortunately, allowed the political institution to manipulate the Confucius system. As with Christianity. Christianity also preaches a divine, brotherly love. Modern Christianity seeks to discover a  ³rational understanding of the person ² as did Confucius (Ess ed. 381); yet, Christianity feels that faith in the Jesus Christ as a personal savior is essential to this enlightenment. It was also under the guise of Christianity that it had to confront totalitarian systems  ³[dehumanize] uses of power in its sphere of influence (state and church, and [these] systems triumphed under the banner of de-Christianization (Ess ed. 384). Unlike Confucius reformers of their corrupt state pushed the beliefs of the true ideals of Confucius, Christians believed in an  ³Absolute against all absolvi... ...942. Hughes, E. R. and K. Religion in China. Hutchinson's University Library, London; 1950. Kelen, Betty. Confucius: In Life and Legend. Thomas Nelson INC., New York; 1971. King. Hans and ed. Christianity and the World Religions. Doubleday, New York; 1986 McCuen., Gary E. The Religious Right. Hudson, Wisconsin; 1989. O'Briare, S. J. Fifty Years of Chinese Garment. Lutterworth Press, London; 1951. Siu, R. G. H. The Man of Many Qualities: A Legacy of the I Ching. Smith, Huston. The Religions of Man. Harper & Row, New York; 1958 Smith, Howard. Confucius. Charles Scribner's Sons, New York; 1973 Soper, Edmund Davison. The Religions of Mankind. Abingdon Press, New York; 1966. Toynbee, Arnold. Christianity Among the Religions of the World. Charles Scribner's Sons, New York; 1957 Weber, Max. The Religion of China. The Free Press, New York; 1951. Wieger, L. History of Religious Belief and Philosophical Opinions in China. Catholic Mission, Hsein-sein, China; 1927. Yang, C. K. Religion in Chinese Society. University of California Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles; 1961. Yutang, Lin. The Wisdom of Confucius. The Modern library, New York; 1938.

Communication and Proffesional Relationships Essay

1 Information from supporting teaching &learning n schools by Louise Burnham To establish respectful, professional relationships with children and young people you should adapt your behaviour and communication accordingly. You should also be able to show that you are approachable and able to work in an environment of mutual support. When working with children or young people, it is important to earn their trust to enable an honest relationship to develop. This can usually be done by ensuring that your behaviour is professional, relationship and fair at all times. Children of all ages, cultures and abilities must feel secure and valued. In order to get these relationships correct from the start you should all discuss rules and how they will be important when working together. Always respect others at the beginning and remember that this is crucial, start by talking about how you are going to work together and what each individual wants out of it. This will enable that you develop a mutually respectful relationship. All of teachers / assistants need to be aware of the kinds of issues which are vital to pupils and always be able to take time in talking these through when necessary. To show children they are part of the school community you should positively communicate and involve pupils. This however is not the same as giving pupils attention when they demand it! HOW TO BEHAVE APPROPRIATELY FOR A CHILD OR YOUNG PERSON’S STAGE OF DEVELOPMENT 1.2 Information from supporting teaching & learning in schools by Louise Burnham and internet. Communication with children and young people differs across different age groups and stages of development, which may require varying levels of attention at different times. The younger the child, the more reassurance is required, especially when first starting school. They also may need to have more physical contact as a result. As children become more mature, they may require more help with talking through issues and reflecting their thoughts. For example, in Key stage 1 the manner in which I communicate in is being more adapted, to come down to the child’s level of speaking and repeat what is said for them until it is clearly understood. Where as a child in key stage 3 or 4 the language is used informally and formally depending on their confidence to communicate what they think and as technology as evolved emails and text are used as a form of communication. To have patience, act sensitively and take care with children who have  communication difficulties, as they will need a lot more time to understand and comprehend what the task in hand is. Also to feel a reassurance that they don’t feel pressurized when speaking. Some children or young people may not have many opportunities to speak or may be anxious or nervous. The level of communication is adapted to the needs of the individual. For example, if they have a speech disorder, such as a stammer, which makes it difficult for them to speak aloud, then extra time should be allowed, for them to collect their thoughts. Also trying not to finish their sentences, or guess what they are trying to say, to give the child independence of their speech, to encourage self-esteem and confidence. HOW TO DEAL WITH DISAGREEMENTS BETWEEN CHILDREN AND YOUNG PEOPLE . 1.3 Disagreements between children and their peers will often happen regularly and teachers or assistants will have to deal with these situations. This can happen in the classroom but is usually in the playground or while having lunch. It is very important for pupils to know that you have listened to their view in what has happened. Always make sure you hear from all sides of the story and find out exactly what has happened from the beginning. Then you should decide whether anyone was in the wrong and if apologies are required or any further steps. For example referral to head teacher. Children and young people should also be able to understand how their own feelings may influence their behaviour and this might have to be discussed. For example saying to a child‘ I understand you are upset today because you could not do baking today’ will help them link between emotion and behaviour. This will able them to understand how to think about others. An effective way of encouraging children to understand and respect others feelings is discussing this as a whole class or making it an activity such as ‘circle time’. Circle time is very effective for older children however very young children may not be able to sit for a length of time and be able to wait for their turn before speaking out. Some schools use strategies such as the restorative justice programme. Which is taken from the criminal justice system and have worked well as a method of resolving behaviour issues.

Role for Physician-assisted Suicide in Cancer - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 11 Words: 3197 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2019/06/12 Category Law Essay Level High school Topics: Assisted Suicide Essay Did you like this example? A woman suffering from terminal cancer became the first person to die under the law of physician-assisted suicide in Oregon in 1998. The New England Journal of Medicine states that more than 4,000 doctors have approved of the physician assisted suicide law (The Anguish n.pag.). In just the United States, forty-two percent of people have had a friend or relative suffer from a terminal illness (The right n.pag.). Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Role for Physician-assisted Suicide in Cancer" essay for you Create order Although cancer is the leading cause of death in terminally ill patients, many other illnesses destroy someones quality of life. Most treatments for terminally ill patients are long, expensive and leave the patient and family in an intense amount of physical and emotional pain. Assisted suicide is frowned upon by some people, these concerns are usually rooted in religious beliefs. In the United States that practice is legal in Oregon, Vermont, Montana, Washington and California. Patients throughout the US with ALS, terminal cancer and paralysis should have the option to receive a lethal dose of prescription medication to die peacefully. ALS is a complex disease that sends the patient into a slow cycle of physical suffering. The disease attacks the nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord. Sometimes early stages of ALS are hard to diagnose because the symptoms fatigue, nausea and muscle weakness can be easily diagnosed as other illnesses (Leveneand Parker n.pag.). Assisted suicide would not be optional for someone in early stages of ALS although each patient progresses differently. It usually takes about five years until patients are in the final stage of the disease. Patients who are considering assisted suicide should start planning when to do it in their third or fourth year. Doctor Lorne Zinman of Health Sciences center states ALS has sort of been at the forefront of the physician assisted death debate because of how awful the disease is(Zinman n.pag.). With the progression and severity of this disease other doctors can agree with Zinman that assisted suicide should be an option to patients with ALS. Physical suffering progresses the later the patient is into the disease. By the final stages patients are usually paralyzed, unable to swallow and breathe on their own. Patients at this stage are usually living off of feeding and breathing tubes. The physical pain arising from complications of the feeding or breathing tube can sometimes cause more pain than the disease itself. Some complications can be UTIrs, pneumonia and even collapsed lungs (Zinman n.pag). Assisted suicide will benefit the patient before reaching the late stages and prevent him or her from suffering the complications along with ALS. These complications can be treated but include serious side effects. The most commonly used treatment for ALS is Ritalek, which has been connected to liver failure. The patient would therefore have a chance to end the suffering before any painful side effects. Many doctors who treat ALS patients have to watch their patient slowly deteriorate, eighty percent of ALS doctors believe t hat in the moderate-severe stages the patient should be eligible for physician assisted suicide (Zinman n.pag.). Physical quality of life may be the number one reason behind some patient requests for assisted suicide but they are also struggling through their emotions. The social and emotional quality of life deteriorates for patients with this disease. Some doctors believe that the patients quality of life is based on psychological factors(Zinman n.pag.). Along with two specialty doctors patients must also be seen by psychiatrists before they are eligible for assisted suicide. It is possible for the patient to have a bad hqol (health quality of life) but a decent QOL (quality of life) (Rummans, Botswick, Clark, n.pag.). Both of these play into the patients needs for assisted suicide. The support system that the patient has plays a big role in the quality of life which can affect them emotionally. This physical and social strain can deeply affect the emotional quality of a patients life. Although ALS patients lose control of their physical and sometimes social abilities, their minds are still competent. Many patients either become over-emotional or not emotional at all. The feeling of not being able to express themselves can be deeply damaging (Weiss et all n.pag.). In this stage the patient may feel extreme loneliness or burdensome and all of this plays into the emotional quality of life. Giving them some kind of control will allow them to feel some peace while living before they pass away , without that control patients could easily start to feel anxious. Anxiety is a common psychological problem developed in patients with ALS. Itrs caused by the feeling of the body slowly shutting down but not knowing exactly when they will die. Assisted suicide could help eliminate this problem by allowing the patient to plan the date of their death (Weiss et all n.pag.). Giving patients control when they die would deeply benefit them, especially since theyve already lost control of their bodies. Anxiety and lack of control can easily manifest into depression. Depression in ALS patients is fairly common especially if the patient is under the age of forty (Cirino n.pag.). Psychiatrists are brought into evaluate the patients depression just in case the patient was depressed before diagnosed although this is usually not the case (Zinman n.pag.). Under certain circumstances, depression can be caused by the profuse amount of medical bills. Costs for terminal illness are extremely expensive and can deeply affect the patients quality of life. For ALS alone, the annual patient cost is $31,000.. This amount is before the final stage where a feeding/breathing tube is introduced (Weiss et all n.pag.). It can be very stressful to the patient spending such an exorbitant amount of money on a terminal disease. Assisted suicide would reduce the costs drastically. A lethal dose of prescription medication for assisted suicide costs between $35-50, while a breathing tube can cost up to ten thousand dollars (Gardner n.pag.). By allowing the patient to receive a lethal dose of medication, the burden of medical bills would be almost nothing on the patient and their family. The family plays a crucial role into the patients life during their illness. Death is hard on loved ones either way, but in many cases the lack of suffering assisted suicide offers the patient is merciful to the family as well. Many patients are required to have counseling sessions with their loved ones, to help with the processing of letting them go. In most cases the patient talks with the family and the family physician before requesting assisted suicide (Zinman n.pag.). Loved ones influence the patients decision critically, but at the end of the day the patient still gets to decide. Families often feel many emotions under these circumstances. In typical suicide cases families often experience anger and abnormal grieving, while in terminal cases assisted suicide often makes the grieving process easier on the family because they have a chance to say goodbye without seeing their loved ones suffer (Zinman n.pag.). Overall the disease takes a toll on the family because of how little the patient can do in the progressing stages. Assisted suicide has been the right alternative for many ALS patients. Betsy Davis, a forty-one year old woman living in Southern California, was diagnosed with ALS and told with her progression she had about six months to live. She talked to her family and decided to exercise Californias law to participate in physician assisted suicide. Betsy decided to embrace this opportunity to die on her own terms by celebrating with her friends and family in an end of life ceremony(California women n.pag). The party she threw had dancing, laughing and one rule: no crying. Betsy became an advocate for assisted suicide in ALS patients because she proved that patients and their families didnt have to spend their time in constant grief (California Women n.pag.).These circumstances are unlike any party you have ever attended before, requiring emotional stamina, centeredness and openness(California Women n.pag.). With this option, Betsy was able to take control of her illness and say goodbye in her o wn way on her own terms. Although ALS is a detrimental disease there are other terminal illnesses to which assisted suicide should be available. Being diagnosed with terminal cancer is one of longest and hardest processes a patient endures. Each patient that is diagnosed with terminal cancer takes the news in a different and personal way. Its hard to imagine the thought process that a patient takes on knowing that s/he is going to die. Certain patients fall into a pit of depression, this is why psychological evaluation is required (Llevene andMichael n.pag.). The level of their depression is based on different factors, the patients support system and family. Depression is extremely common among terminally ill patients, especially those with cancer. Before their request for assisted suicide is approved psychologists work together to determine whether the depression is caused by their terminal illness or if the depression was already present before diagnosed. If a patient is suffering from depression due to his or her terminal cancer, a psychologist will try and help pull the patient out of the depression (Yun et all n.pag.). Some terminally ill patients are at higher risk for depression if they have a past of social stress, addiction, family problems or history of depression (Weiss et all n.pag.). Terminal cancer patients with depression go through different stages of emotions. Common ones include anger, bitterness, grief, loneliness, acceptance and for some peace. Baylor University Medical center states up to seventy-seven percent of terminal cancer patients experience some kind of depression (Cirino n.pag.). The grief and depression pa tients endure can cause more pain than they already have. With assisted suicide patients would receive comfort knowing that they will die in peace. There is no cure for terminal cancer but there are many treatments and medications the patient can receive. The problem with these is that it causes pain medication resistance. Over eighty five percent of terminal cancer patients and oncologists believe in assisted suicide. Their number one reason being pain resistance (Cirino n.pag.). As cancer withers away the body, doctors prescribe more pain medication until they are unable to prescribe anymore and the patient builds up a tolerance to it. Ten percent of terminal cancer patients turn to street drug opiates such as heroin just to decrease their pain (Gardner n.pag.). Allowing the patient to receive a lethal dose of medicine before the cancer reached this stage would give the patient a chance to live without daily pain. Eighty percent of patients suffer in the last six months of their illness with severe pain but only twenty nine percent want to increase medications (The long n.pag.). This is caused by the fear of addiction, being drugged out and increasing tolerance. Overall, medication can be helpful in the beginning stages of terminal cancer. However, many patients would benefit from assisted suicide once they got to a certain point where medication was of no help. The quality of life for cancer patients can vary from patient to patient. Over 75% of patients spend their last days on a morphine drip in the hospital (Gardner n.pag.). This is no quality of life the patient or the patients family wishes. Radiation is another treatment that can prolong life but it comes with serious side effects such as skin irritations, muscle fatigue, nausea and sometimes even radiation poisoning (Rummans n.pag.). These treatments may prolong life two to three months but assisted suicide would be an alternative to patients who dont want to live their last moment in extreme pain. No death is easy on family but with the assisted suicide law cancer patients are able to plan their death, where they want it and who they want with them. This would make saying goodbye easier. By dying in the comfort of their own home the patient would feel more in control and feel less bad for his or her family. Sister of Kay Schellenberg, terminal cancer patient was relieved when my sister finally passed because watching her suffer was the hardest part and knowing that she died in pain broke me (Schellenberg n.pag.). Kays family often believes that if assisted suicide would have been an option at the time both Kay and her family would have had an easier time saying goodbye. Another advocate that became the spokesgirl for assisted suicide was twenty-nine year old Brittany Maynard who was diagnosed with terminal brain cancer and a prognosis of six months to live. Her and her newly husbands life consisted of doctor visits, medical research and hospital stays which was no life brittany wanted (Griffin n.pag.). With four months left Brittanys doctors offered her the idea of full brain radiation that would give her maybe six more months, this did not appeal to her at all. Full brain radiation horrified her; she was told it would singe her scalp and she would be extremely sick with first degree burns all over her head. After talking with her husband she decided to exercise her right to assisted suicide, she traveled around the country for the next month until she got too sick. After being approved for assisted suicide by two oncologists and a psychiatrist she said goodbye to her family and died peacefully in her home with her husband (Griffin n.pag.). Termin al patients such as Brittany are often the front runners for assisted suicide but other patients that are suffering deserve the right to pass peacefully as well. Patients that suffer an injury causing permanent paralysis go through a long process of learning to adapt to their new lifestyle. Every patient who suffers an injury like this is different. It depends on their personal resources such as home, family life, hobbies and coping style (Levene, Ilana, and Michael Parker n.pag.). For some patients becoming paralyzed is a struggle that they can overcome with a good support system but for others its an ongoing struggle. Assisted suicide should be an option for adults with severe paralysis that have no treatments left. Coping with the initial injury is one of the first steps after becoming paralyzed. Many patients need time to think and consider how their life is changed and if they can live like this, especially if they are considering physician assisted suicide. Paralysis is not a terminal illness but it puts some patients in the same position and mindset as a terminal patient may feel (Levene, Ilana, and Michael Parker n.pag.). Patients with paralysis face getting denied for assisted suicide more than terminally ill patients because they are technically not dying (Levene, Ilana, and Michael Parker n.pag.). Although these patients are not dying, assisted suicide should still be open to them due to the quality of life they are living. Complications are extremely common among patients with paralysis. Some are UTIrs, autonomic dysreflexia, depression and infections (Levene, Ilana, and Michael Parker n.pag.). Before the initial injury, patients may have been healthy all their life. These complications add on to the costs which averages around seventy thousand a year for patients (Burns n.pag.). The burden of healthcare and complications can cause the patient anxiety and depression. Depression in paralysis patients following the initial shock is extremely common. Obviously for some people, depression is part of the healing process and they work through the difficulties of this new life. Rates of depression differ from twenty to forty-four percent of patients depending on their situation. Some psychologists have presented that certain patients depression decreases when they know that they have the option to end life on their own terms (Yun n.pag.). The sense of relief when patients find out they can make a choice is what the option of Assisted suicide gives them. Personal resources play a major role in the patients feelings toward assisted suicide. This ranges from a wide variety of things such as family members, care facilities and the money to afford living as a fully paralyzed person (Levene, Ilana, and Michael Parker n.pag.). The simplest things such as bathing or using the bathroom becomes impossible. This causes the patient to rely on family members or friends which can be inconvenient and embarrassing. The feeling of being trapped inside a body unable to move is a nightmare to any healthy person. Nobody should take the right to die away from patients with paralysis. Tony Nicholson, a fifty eight year old paralyzed man lost his case to assisted suicide. He was a former rugby player and after an accident he was unable to speak or move. His life was described as a nightmare and he described the feeling of being locked in(Burns n.pag.). Pneumonia was a complication Tony endured and although he was not pronounced terminally ill doctors said he would most likely not be able to defeat the pneumonia (Burns n.pag.). He desperately begged the court for the option to request a physicians help to suicide but when he was denied he felt devastated and heartbroken. If assisted suicide more available to patients with paralysis others like Tony would not have to suffer and could put their mind to ease peacefully. Although many people agree that Tony should have had the right to assisted suicide some believe it would have been unethical. Some opponents of assisted suicide challenge the idea by saying doctors are violating the hippocratic oath when they are allowing and supporting the patients wish to take a lethal dose of prescription medication. There are still many doctors today fighting against assisted suicide law by sticking to their hippocratic oath. In Washington DC at the international symposium Dr. Margaret Cottle spoke out, Euthanasia kills the patient twice once when we say, Yes, your life is not worth living, and then when we help him die(St.Clair, Jane n.pag.). Although doctors who believe in assisted suicide are technically violating the hippocratic oath no doctor believes their patients life is not worth living. The oath has been around for thousands of years and should be modified as new technology and diseases are understood (St.Clair n.pag.).. Doing no harm which is one of the first lines in the hippocratic oath does not necessarily mean death, harm can be suffering as well. Doctors number one job i s to treat the patient but when there is no treatment left doctors must be able to understand and accept the patients wishes for assisted suicide. With the amount of suffering terminally ill patients go through, physician-assisted suicide should be an alternative for them. Death is a natural part of life, and patients should have the option to pass peacefully. Euthanasia has been an ethical issue since the beginning of western medicine but as new knowledge grows in the medical field, many doctors are realizing assisted suicide is the ethical option for patients. As human beings, we must put ourselves in the place of the patient or the patients family before we judge someone who is terminally ill and chooses to go through with assisted suicide.